OECD Releases Luxembourg Economic Survey for 2010

The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) released the economic survey for 2010 stating that Luxembourg must work on its labor market and its role in the international financial crisis, Monday.

According to the OECD website, "an Economic Survey is published every 1½-2 years for each OECD country." This year Luxembourg's survey cites pitfalls in its labor market specifically with the minimum wage. It also goes into detail regarding how Luxembourg will have to adapt to changes most likely to be put in place by the European Union in response to the international financial crisis.

"Some of the recommendations support suggestions made by ministers, such as a pay review which rewards workers based on merit rather than obligation, an idea previously backed by ministers Francois Biltgen and Octavie Modert," as reported on hello.news352.lu

Please view the video below to learn more about the OECD as an organization.

Video Courtesy of Youtube.com

Other recommendations made for Luxembourg by the OECD can be seen on their website along with the economic survey reports for other countries.

Freedom House Press Reports

Both countries are considered relatively "free" countries when it comes to the press as it does when it comes to business in general.

Freedomhouse.org is a an organization that acts as a watchdog specifically looking at media all countries around the world. They report on the news but especially when it comes to news regarding freedom of the press. The countries' freedom is determined by a method of applying a number to three categories with 0 being the best and 100 being the worst. This number is decided after answering 23 questions about the said country and then assessing its' freedom in depth.

Photo Courtesy of http://www.photius.com/

For Luxembourg, the numbers are low (good) with legal environment being a 2, political environment being a 3, and economic environment being a 7, making the total score a low 12 thus declaring the country a "free" country. Freedoms of speech and press are guaranteed in the constitution with the country employing "an independent press council deals with press complaints and ethical questions." Its immense freedom allows this rich media country to influence many other countries especially in Western Europe. According to a 2007 report, the country has not been a place where any journalists have been attacked or harrassed. Newspapers are privately owned thus adding to the freedom of the press. Also with new media rising the internet is still very much unrestricted in Luxembourg promoting media growth and strength is this country.

Monaco has a slightly higher (worse) freedom number than Luxembourg but is still considered "very free" with a number of 16. According to freedomhouse.org, this country is given a 3 for legal environment, a 7 for political environment, and a 6 for economic environment. Freedom of expression is guaranteed as well for citizens of Monaco but as said in a previous post, the exception to this freedom is the prosecution of any citizen who "denounces the ruling family." Most of the media in Monaco is government-owned in comparison to Luxembourg but this does not stop the country from being a free country. Also like Luxembourg, Monaco gives its citizens unrestricted internet access.

In relation to our country, the United States, Luxembourg and Monaco can be considered more "free" countries when it comes to media. The United States merits a slightly higher number of 17 by freedomhouse.org. This number though is not too much higher therefore we can derive from this observation that to live in Monaco or Luxembourg, the media system and make-up would be similar to our country.

Media Conglomeration

In class today we talked about media conglomeration and its major impacts and effects. Media conglomeration is the act of a company acquiring many different other large companies in the television, radio, publishing, movies, internet, and other related mass media themes.

In Monaco the only newspaper, the weekly Journal de Monaco, is owned by the government and can be considered part of a media conglomerate because the government also owns the one AM radio station in the country, therefore the government owns two aspects of the media and has the upperhand against the competition. The television station, TV-Monte Carlo is currently owned jointly by the French media holdings company,TF1 Group and the government of Monaco. Radio Monte-Carlo is owned by the TF1 Group and the government of monaco as well and is broadcast in several European countries besides Monaco and is seen as one of the most neutral European radio stations according to BBC News. The TF1 Group also owns several other media companies including ones jointly owned by the government of France because of this media conglomerate, France and Monaco are a big influence on eachother and not just in the media. Essentially all the media in Monaco is run by the government and the TF1 Group except for the privately owned Riviera Radio. All in all media conglomeration is very much present in Monaco and it causes France to be a big factor in their news not just because of the shared language and customs but because of the French government's role in the Monoco media.

In comparison with Monaco, the majority of Luxembourg's media is privately owned. RTL Group is one of the major media players in the TV and broadcasting aspects in Luxembourg as well as the rest of Europe according to a country profile by BBC News. RTL Group is majority-owned by one of the "Big Six" media conglomerates, Bertelsmann and because of this, many of its companies are based in countries all over the world not just in Luxembourg and especially in France and Germany. The newspaper, Luxemburger Wort, is owned by the media conglomerate, Saint-Paul Luxembourg, a group that owns two radio stations, a publishing house and a chain of bookstores, all in Luxembourg thus not just an example of the media conglomeration but of vertical and horizontal integration.

The effects of media conglomeration are prominent and vast in both of these countries. The cause of media conglomeration is most likely out of both countries' proximity to its neighbors and the sharing of languages. Luxembourg is a small country, but because of its radio and

Picture Courtesy of backstage.rtlgroup.com television companies being owned by Bertelsmann, it is one of the most influential media countries in the world especially in Europe and especially in Germany and France. Although Monaco's government is very much involved in its media, the media giant TF1 Group, keeps Monaco connected to the world and a leading radio player in Europe. Most of the content seen on TV and heard on the radio in Europe is dictated by the trends of Luxembourg and Monaco, two of the smallest countries in Europe.

Media Numbers in Luxembourg

Telephone System-

• Mobile Phone Subscribers- 719,950; 101.34 per 100 people


• Fixed Phone Subscribers- 244,500; 535.351 per 1,000 people


• Country code- 352


• Total Telephone Subscribers (fixed and mobile)- 964,450; 1,700.95 per 1,000 people
  

Computers/Internet-

• Internet Users- 27.5 per 100 people


• PC Users- 62.4 per 100 people

In Depth Media Reports for Luxembourg and Monaco

Although there is no daily newspaper produced in Monaco, there is one in Nice, France, called Nice-Matin, that publishes two pages each day on Monaco happenings. Along with this newspaper is the country's weekly government journal, Journal de Monaco, published by the Ministry of State. There are no FM Radio stations, but one AM station that serves all the country's radios. In addition, there are five television stations and two Internet providers. Most of the media can be found in either French, English, or Italian.

Luxembourg on the other hand has a slightly larger and independent media system due to it being a country of business and banking. Luxembourg is a constiutional monarchy as well and entrusts executive authority in its Grand Duke and shared power with legislature and judicial systems. The country has five major newspapers; Luxembourger Wort, La Voix du Luxembourg, Tageblatt, Le Quotidien Editions Letzeburger Journal SA, and Zeitung vum Letzebuerger Vollek; all in their respected languages that are each seen as official languages of the country. The country also publishes 12 local, regional, or weekly papers, and 27 periodicals along with housing two national radion stations, four regional stations, and 20 local radio stations. Because of the the high volume of cable television viewing in Luxembourg, there are four national television stations and more than 40 television stations are received by the citizens in total. The language used in television is Luxembourgeois, but the programming is broadcast in French as well. Most radio and television broadcasting is done through the company, Compagnie Luxembourgeois de Telediffusion, who was given a contract by the government. Because of new laws, this company does not have a monopoly on radio anymore. There are four press agencies that operate in Luxembourg and one main internet site for Luxembourg information.

Video Courtesy of www.youtube.com (start at 2:10, end at 3:05)

Both countries have laws protecting the press and free speech, though Monaco has a law against printed material that says unfavorable words about the royal family unlike that of Luxembourg.

A Little Background Information

I'm starting this blog as not only a requirement for my global news media class, but as a tool to help me learn how to follow and interpret international news. In order to make this blog effective, I have decided to report on two countries: Luxembourg and Monaco. I chose both these countries together because they are fairly small (Monaco being the second smallest independent country in the world), both install French as one of their official languages and both countries interest me. Over the course of this semester I will report on news in both countries and hopefully will find news that ties both of them together and I will also tie in concepts and terms from class. I will now take the time to give a little bit of background information about both countries.

Luxembourg is a small country with a population of 483,799 and an area size of 2,586 km² and it is surrounded on three sides by France, Germany, and Belgium. Because of this close proximity, it shares similar characterisitics with all three of these countries especially in languages. The language of Letzeburgesch is similar to German and is the native tongue of the country, but French is used in the government and other administrative purposes. The government can be described as a Grand Duchy or principality but enlists the use of a parliamentary system that works jointly with the head of state (Duke). Most of its economic power derives from banking, insurance and steel, as well as wine and agriculture. Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union and because of this, the country uses the Euro. Currently, the Head of State is Henri I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the Head of Government is Jean Claude Juncker, a member of the Christian-Social Party (CSV).

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Monaco is like Luxembourg where it is very small country in population and size but also like Luxembourg it is a economically wealthy country as well as a "tax-haven". It is the second smallest country after the Vatican with an area size of 2 sq. miles and a population of 32,965. It is surrounded on three sides by France and is best known for its casino and its formula one racing event titled, "Monaco Grand Prix." Because of its close proximity to France, it shares many customs with this country as well as France has a very strong influence on the small country. Its' main source of revenue is tourism; it brings in a lot of foreigners because of its climate and tourist-geared activities. Being a constitutional monarchy, Prince Albert II is the Head of State and Frenchman Michel Roger is the Minister of State.

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